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Case Report
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced pneumonia with pleural effusion in a young child
1 MD, Resident Doctor, Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
2 MD, Attending Doctor, Department of Pediatrics, Franco Vietnamese hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
3 MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
4 MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Minh Dien Duong
MD, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, 3415 Bainbridge Ave, Bronx, New York 10467,
USA
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Article ID: 100012Z19MD2021
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Duong MD, Tran DP, Phan NDH, Doan TT. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced pneumonia with pleural effusion in a young child. J Case Rep Images Pediatr 2020;2:100012Z19MD2021.ABSTRACT
Introduction: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children above 5 years old. Mycoplasma pneumoniae illness is often mild and a complication of significant parapneumonic effusion and empyema (PEE/PE) is not common. However, cases with severe M. pneumoniae-induced pneumonia (MPP) complicated by a large pleural effusion in young children have been reported.
Case Report: We report a 2-year-old female who presented with right sided pneumonia complicated by a large pleural effusion and respiratory failure, requiring oxygen supplementation and chest tube placement, and responding well to levofloxacin. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method on pleural fluid sample and elevated IgM titer in serum.
Conclusion: Severe MPP complicated by PPE/PE can occur in children, even below the age of 5 year. An increase in M. pneumoniae resistant to macrolide should be taken into consideration of antibiotic choice.
Keywords: Community-acquired pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Parapneumonic effusion and empyema, Pleural effusion
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Author Contributions
Minh Dien Duong - Conception of the work, Design of the work, Acquisition of data, Drafting the work, Revising the work critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published, Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Dong P Tran - Conception of the work, Design of the work, Drafting the work, Final approval of the version to be published, Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Nguyet Diem H Phan - Conception of the work, Design of the work, Acquisition of data, Drafting the work, Final approval of the version to be published, Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Tam T Doan - Conception of the work, Design of the work, Drafting the work, Revising the work critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published, Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Guaranter of SubmissionThe corresponding author is the guarantor of submission.
Source of SupportNone
Consent StatementWritten informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this article.
Data AvailabilityAll relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Conflict of InterestAuthors declare no conflict of interest.
Copyright© 2021 Minh Dien Duong et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information.
